As cold and flu season arrives, Great River Health is reminding the community about the importance of knowing the difference between viral and bacterial infections—especially during Antibiotic Awareness Week.
Since penicillin was discovered more than 90 years ago, bacteria have continued to evolve, developing resistance to even the strongest antibiotics. While antibiotic development has slowed, resistance continues to grow, fueled in part by years of over-prescribing. Today, research makes it clear: antibiotics treat bacterial infections only, not viral illnesses.
This year’s theme, “Fighting Antimicrobial Resistance Takes All of Us,” highlights the shared responsibility in using antibiotics correctly.
When Antibiotics Help—and When They Don’t
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Viral infections—such as the common cold, flu, RSV, COVID-19, and most sore throats—do not benefit from antibiotics. Rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications remain the best treatment. Antivirals may be prescribed in certain cases. Severe symptoms like high fever, difficulty breathing, or chest pain should prompt a call to your healthcare provider.
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Bronchitis, ear infections, and sinus infections can be either viral or bacterial; antibiotics may or may not be effective depending on the cause.
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Strep throat and whooping cough are bacterial, and antibiotics are the correct treatment.
Unnecessary antibiotic use can cause harmful side effects and contributes to the rise of antibiotic-resistant “superbugs.” According to the CDC, at least 2.8 million Americans get antibiotic-resistant infections each year, and 35,000 die from them.
When truly needed, antibiotics save lives—the key is using them properly.
Great River Health also encourages simple steps to prevent illness:
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Stay home when sick
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Avoid touching your face
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Avoid close contact with people who are ill
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Take antibiotics exactly as prescribed
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Wash hands often or use hand sanitizer
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Disinfect frequently touched surfaces
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Stay up to date on flu and COVID-19 vaccines
Great River Health says that being antibiotic aware not only protects your own health, but strengthens the health of the entire community.